Pros And Cons Of Judicial Review :: Government Judicial Review Essays

Pros and Cons of Judicial ReviewJudicial Review is the power given to coercive court justices in which ajudge has the power to reason whether a law is unconstitutional or not. ChiefJustice John Marshall initiated the Supreme chat ups right to translate the organisation in 1803 following the case of Marbury Vs. Madison, in which hedeclared the Supreme Court as the sole interpreters of personalityal law. Thisis one of the sole purposes of the Supreme Court of the unify States. ManyHistorical thinkers would find some difficulty in imagining a organization set upto limit the power of itself,but others would argue that this variant of governmentbest works for the people, and not against them. The treatment of theConstitution by the Supreme Court as a living document that is able to betranslated differently over time for the good of the people has as many skepticsas it does supporters. But, if we do not allow the Supreme Court to translatethe Constitution who then, should the people chose to do such an important job.If we were to look back at the ideas and thoughts of some of thegreatest political thinkers of our time, we would find that individuals such asPlato, Niccolo Machiavelli, and John Locke, would plowshare extremely differentviews as to whether or not Judicial review, and the Supreme Court as a whole,would be successful in their ideal government situations.One of the earliest political philosophers Plato, would find ourpresent day governmental setup of the Supreme Court to be the ideal group todeal with the United States situation. Plato matte that government should be runby enlightened philosopher kings, that would rule for the good of the people,and not themselves. We today see the Supreme Court as a collection of the mostenlightened thinkers of our day. They are chosen to gull moral decisions aboutlaws made by others in our society, and decide whether or not the laws we makeare in the best interest of our nation as a whole. Plato knew that withi n anypolitical State their would be corruption, to stop the corruption Plato feltthat the philosopher kings would best rule because they would not indulgethemselves in a corrupt society. They only believed in the truth, and justicethat government is supposed to protect its people with.Although Plato would not totally agree with the Democratic structure ofour government, I believe that he would chose for our society, a state that isruled by a similar group to that of our Supreme Court because, the members of

Slavery Essay -- American History

Slavery vs. EconomicsWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain(prenominal) unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness --Declaration of Independence Slavery is a societal institution based on ownership, dominance, and exploitation of one human macrocosm by another and reciprocal submission on the part of the person owned. The owner may exact work or other services without give and virtually without restriction and can deny the slave freedom of activity and mobility. Slavery is one of this countrys most debated topics. In Americas history slavery and economics go hand in hand. Most people think that the ban of slavery was a human rights issue in the south, where in fact it was a study economic one. The issue of slavery has been debated between the North and due south since before the colonization of the thirteen colonies. It has been the instigator of many e vents throughout the history of the states. The North and the South obviously had very different views regarding the subject. The debate over the economic advantages of slavery in the South has raged ever since the first slaves began working in the cotton handle of the Confederate States. Initially, the wealth of the New World was in the form of raw materials and agricultural goods such as cotton, sugar, and tobacco. The continuing demand for slaves labor arose from the development of orchard agriculture, the long-term rise in prices and consumption of sugar, and the demand for miners. Not only did Africans represent skilled laborers, but also they were a relatively cheap imaginativeness to the South. Consequently, they were well suited for plantation agriculture. Whi... ... organizations which sprung up, as well as much bloodshed.(Abbott) Throughout the rest of time before the Civil War, slavery remained in the Southern states. Slavery was not abolished until 1865 when the 13t h amendment was passed. Slavery has been around since the dawn of time, and it still exists today. Just because the Constitution says that slavery was outlawed, does not mean that the South followed the rules so to speak. If you matter at society today, you can still see small types of slavery. In reference to the quote from The Declaration of Independence at the beginning of the paper, where it says that We hold these truths to be self-evident, all men are created equal, and they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, but do we as a society view everyone as it is put in the constitution? Everyone in society has his or her own answer.

English Views of the Native Americans :: essays papers

English Views of the autochthonic AmericansAfter reading chapter three of Ungers American Issues, I now have a better understanding of how English settlers looked upon the lifestyles of the Native Americans. Four key people that have led to this understanding are Hugh Jones, Hugh Henry Brackenridge, William Penn, and John Heckewelder. In their essays they give accurate accounts of how the Native Americans lived, through their eyes. I also see how European beliefs reflected their views and how this set the stage for conflict among these groups.In Hugh Jones essay titled, Characteristics of the Indians, he basically gives a factual account of how the Indians live their free-and-easy life. Although his account is mostly factual, his European biases do play a major role in his interpretation of Indian ways. In one instance, in describing the Indians happiness and war dances, Jones says that they used, the most antick sic gestures, in the most frightful dress, with a hideous noise (Unger, p. 43). To Jones and other Englishmen their dress whitethorn seem frightful and the noise may sound hideous, but that is his opinion. To the Indians this is normal and a way of life. This just shows the white mans ignorance to the culture of the Native Americans. In a second instance Joness describes the Indians in their finest dress. He states that the Indians believe they are looking their best when they are ridiculously dressed. Once again he is giving his opinion of the definition of what is considered ridiculous to the English. Jones also pokes gaming at many of the traditions of the Indians, for example, the way they wear their hair or the painting on their faces. He notes this as being comical and also uses sarcasm in portraying these traditions. Jones essay provides many useful facts about the Indian way of life, but his European biases prevent him from disclosing the actual truth.Hugh Henry Brackenridge has a very contend view towards the Indians. Jones never really gives his personal opinion on whether or not he liked the Indians, but Brackenridge make his view very clear. He makes this apparent in the title of his essay, The Indians Have No Exclusive Claim to America. Brackenridge supports this notion with many references to the Bible. He states that The whole of this earth was given to man, and all descendants of Adam have a right to share it equally (Brackenridge, in Unger, p.

Validity: External, Internal, and Construct Essay -- Business Manageme

ValidityIn explore paradigm, validity and reliability are the most basic typical issues used in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Validity as a psychometric standard is embedded in a positivist approach, which is relevant in reflecting on the qualitative point of view ascribed to the establishment of the truth. In view of this, rendering of positivism ascribe to a theory systematic to validity. Additionally, other data-based conceptions culminating from resided validity include truth, deduction, universal laws, evidence, reason, and actuality among others. For any qualitative research conducted, validity as a concept is a determinant that measures the truth concerning the investigation. Validity is mensurable by researchers by asking questions and answers are retrieved from other peoples research work (Joppe, 2000, p. 1). Other researchers define validity in quantitative research as construct validity. Construct implies initial concept, hypothesis, notion or question d etermining data gathered and method of data collection. However, quantitative practitioners affirm the reasonableness or effect interplay between data and construct for validation of investigation by applying test procedures or processes (Golafshani, 2003, p. 599). As a result, with regard to validity, researchers conclude that, it is whether measurements of the think up are accurate or they are measuring the intended features. Accuracy of the mean helps in relating the cause-and-effect relationship present in internal validity.The above definition is associated with quantitative research methodology. It summarizes that validity to be the extent in which instruments measure the exact thing it purports to measure. An example of validity in research is ... ...nformation provided during the course of study. In the case of project construction management, leaders need to be aware of the variables affecting internal and external validity to be able to convince the readers on asp ects introduced and needing further research. ReferencesCreswell, J. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 124-131.Cozby, P & Bates, C. (2012). Methods in behavioral research. New York, NY McGraw-Hill.Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report 8 (4), 597-607.Scandura, T & Williams, E. (2000). Research Methodology in Management Current Practices, Trends and Implications for Future Research. Academy of Management Journal 43 (6), 1248-1264.Trochim, W., & Donnelly, J. (2008). Chapters 1, 3, 5, 6, 7

Total Institutions Essay -- essays research papers

Total InstitutionsIn the year 1961, the author, Erving Goffman, published a bookconsisting of school text and studies on mental patients and inmates, in what he hascalled total institutions. There is a large focus on the life of mentalpatients, due to his year considerable study in an American institution. However, thecenter of my reading was based on the institutions and the lifestyles thatare reached when placed in such establishments.When describing these institutions the author referred to them assegregated communities. This is on the button what they are. One is cut off fromthe outside society, with little or no contact at all until the inmates stay isover. The character of these institutions is one that is an intimidating prohibition to the outside world. One whos barriers could be as simple as afence or a locked door, but as distinct and shuddery as the high walls, thick barsand razor wire topped, electrically protected fences of todays toppenitentiaries. Every institutio n provides a sweet world to its members, inmost successful cases, changing the perception and reality of the inmate.Through the years of research conducted by the author, Goffmanconcluded that the total institutions in our societies sectionalisation into fiverough groupings. There is room to expand on each one of these groupings asthese findings are not precise, interpretation is the key when classifying theestablishments. His first expiry was to classify all institutions that wereestablished to care for people who were incapable and harmless tothemselves and one another. One may relate to these institutions as themay be berth of our lives on a daily basis. This may be the nursing homewhere the elderly, widow/widowed grandmother/father is living out his last graceful days on this earth. It could be one of the less than desirable childrearing homes, such as an orphanage. Or this category may also embarrasswhere the unfortunate, the wanderer, and the vagrant all congregate, ourna tions homeless shelters. Whatever the institution may be, it is defined bya place where one may go to receive treatment, provisions and attentionwhen there may be no other opportunity afforded them.The second of these groupings, encompasses all of the institutionsthat care for people who are inca... ...s schedules are all impose by the officials that run theinstitution. The goals of the institution are fulfilled by these schedules andthe t waits that are completed by the inmates, whether it may be a workservice gang maintaining the grounds or by a janitorial staff maintaining theinterior. Even though these institutions are similar in many instances toothers, the do however have more contact with the outside world and rely onthat contact to enhance its abilities to rehabilitate.Total institutions are ones that will take away and identity and not askquestions. One where inmates are moved as managed group and looked downupon as secretive and bitter. Treating one like they are infer ior and, guiltyand weak is no way to re-establish someones life and return them to theworld. Total institutions are incompatible with family , which is one of thestrongest values that we exact to maintain in this disintegrating worldenvironment. We need to embrace family and do what we can to maintain ournatural family values all throughout our travels and daily life.1961 erving goffmanasylums essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates

Total Institutions Essay -- essays research papers

Total InstitutionsIn the year 1961, the author, Erving Goffman, published a bookconsisting of text and studies on mental patients and inmates, in what he hascalled total institutions. There is a large focus on the living of mentalpatients, due to his year long study in an American institution. However, the midriff of my reading was based on the institutions and the lifestyles that are reached when placed in such establishments.When describing these institutions the author referred to them assegregated communities. This is exactly what they are. One is cut off fromthe outback(a) society, with little or no contact at all until the inmates stay isover. The character of these institutions is peerless that is an intimidatingbarrier to the outside world. One whos barriers could be as simple as afence or a locked door, but as distinct and scary as the high walls, thick forbidand razor wire topped, electrically protected fences of todays toppenitentiaries. Every institution provides a n ew world to its members, inmost palmy cases, changing the perception and reality of the inmate.Through the years of research conducted by the author, Goffmanconcluded that the total institutions in our societies breakdown into fiverough groupings. There is style to expand on each one of these groupings asthese findings are not precise, interpretation is the key when classifying theestablishments. His first conclusion was to classify all institutions that wereestablished to complaint for people who were incapable and harmless tothemselves and one another. One whitethorn relate to these institutions as themay be part of our lives on a daily basis. This may be the nursing homewhere the elderly, widow/widowed grandmother/father is living out his lastfine days on this earth. It could be one of the less than desirable childrearing homes, such as an orphanage. Or this category may also includewhere the unfortunate, the wanderer, and the vagrant all congregate, ournations homeless shelte rs. whatsoever the institution may be, it is defined bya place where one may go to receive treatment, nourishment and attentionwhen there may be no other opportunity afforded them.The second of these groupings, encompasses all of the institutionsthat care for people who are inca... ...s schedules are all imposed by the officials that run theinstitution. The goals of the institution are fulfilled by these schedules andthe tasks that are completed by the inmates, whether it may be a workservice crew agreeing the grounds or by a janitorial staff maintaining theinterior. Even though these institutions are similar in many instances toothers, the do however have more contact with the outside world and imprecate onthat contact to enhance its abilities to rehabilitate.Total institutions are ones that will take away and identity and not askquestions. One where inmates are moved as managed group and looked downupon as secretive and bitter. Treating one like they are inferior and, guiltyan d weak is no way to re-establish someones life and return them to theworld. Total institutions are incompatible with family , which is one of thestrongest values that we need to maintain in this disintegrating worldenvironment. We need to embrace family and do what we can to maintain ournatural family values all throughout our travels and daily life.1961 erving goffmanasylums essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates

American Popular Culture on the Global Community Essay

American public flori last and its effects on the global community is a hiding plain site idea. The united States has grown into an I want it now belief system. The United States has somewhat perfected this idea, from our fast food to our fast everything. But should everyone live in such(prenominal) a luxurious attitude, is the United States popular elaboration and ideal that the rest of the world should live by? Is this only another phase in our new-fangled societys history? Lane Crothers book Globalization and American Popular Culture shows us the history of Americas rise to popular culture power and how most throng are wanting to become Americans without living in the United States. But is this what the world needs or is this just another way for America to control the world and spread our democracy. The intention of Lane Crothers Globalization and American Popular Culture is to show the reader the nexus of American popular culture and the effect it has on the global comm unity. By 1998 trade in movies, music, and television programming had become the leading U.S. exportthis was aline even without factoring in the scotch and cultural power of American brands like McDonalds, Levis, and Starbucks, American pop culture is a global phenomenon. Crothers first compares the 2 ideas, globalization the profound economic, social, political, and cultural changes going on in the modern world and popular culture the movies, music, and television programs how globalization seems heavy and popular culture seems light then explains how at the end of the Cold War and the advancements of new technologies the internet, cellular phones, and small dish satellites television systems make up allowed American popular culture access to an ever bigger global market.Crothers tells the reader American popular culture is the latest in a long succession of bidders for global sexual union which makes the reader think this book is a personal depiction of American popular cultu re and the effect on the world. Crothers also, provides the link of American popular culture and global politics first is the Cold Warsecond is the controversial U.S. Global War on Terror which makes the reader, depending on their age, if they are American, if they have been touch by any terror attack, have a personal relationship with this issue. First, during the Cold War, The Western bloc advocated relative freedom in personal choice, economic trade, and immigrationthe Eastern bloc practiced in state control, the limitationof personal freedom, and government ownership of factories and other productive enterprises. This is a defining snatch in the history of the world, because when country wants to promote individualism and create an integrated free market, that idea is going to spread more quickly to the people, rather than universe suppressed by the government. On September 11, 2001, the United States was attack and the world sympathize with us. A French newspaper on Septembe r 13, 2001 stated, Today we are all Americans, but this would grow into fear and concern in the world because when the rest of the world found out on how we responded to the 9/11 attacks.Crothers tells the reader, fourth dimension magazine asked 250,000 people across Europe which country posed the greatest threat to world peace Iraq, North Korea, or the United States8 per centum said Iraq and 9 percent said North Korea But with all of this fear which the United States has placed on the rest of the world, people were still include our popular culture, people continued to embrace American popular cultureiPods and smartphonesled to explosive growth The United States and the popular culture which we have disposed(p) the world, whether for better or for worst, has brought the global community more informed about global issue. With the advancement of the internet and the high speed that news travels now, would not have ever been accomplish without the United States pressing our cultur e to everyone. Crothers states that culture is not an all-or-nothing concept in which everyone believes the same thing and behaves the same way. This is an important statement because, not everyone is going to strive to become Americans we are unique. Some of your ideals and products are always going to be reacted in different ways depending on the group of people who are receiving it. We just have to believe that most of the culture we are giving the rest of the world is creating a more unified global community. kit and boodle CitedCrother, Lane. Globalization and American Popular Culture. Lanham Rowan and Littlefield, 2013

Firefly: Malaysia Airlines and Airline Industry Essay

2.0 Background to the organization fire beetle is the wholly-owned subsidiary by the Malaysia air lane System Berhad (MAS). fire cut down is launched on April 3rd 2007 as well as it is the Malaysias first community airline that operated under Flyfirefly Sdn Bhd. the Malaysias first community airline similarly known as a new Malaysian no-frills airline. The name of Firefly is come from the characteristics of agility, brilliance, charm, and fun. Firefly offers a full serve point-to-point toter. The head division of Firefly is located at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Selangor.The first flight of the Firefly was from Subang Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport to Penang International Airport, on the 2nd April 2007. likewise respiratory tract of Air Asia Berhad, Firefly is another low-cost airliner. It mean that Firefly has the separate management compare with MAS even though it is wholly-owned subsidiary by MAS. Firefly is operated in two hubs that are located at Sultan Abdu l Aziz Shah Airport, Subang, Selangor and Penang International Airport. Penang is the second big hub after the Kuala Lumpur.The aim of the Firefly is to bring communities closer by overcoming geographical constraints, link the world to the communities we serve, and contribute to the economy of the communities by bringing trade and tourism. Firefly not only wants to bring together the community in Malaysia but also for give-up the ghosters to visit both of our neighboring countries and throughout the region. Become the Malaysias first community airline, Firefly most emphasis on the pencil eraser and comfort it its flying experience. However, Firefly try their best to provide the best service to their customers such as getting their customers to the destination in the shorter time, cost strong and make flying Firefly as a fun.3.0 Situation analysis Positive or negative of general environment in the airline manufacturing will signifi tail endt affect the growth of the Firefly air passage. In order to growth the position and hit the target of Firefly, it is important to understand the current postal service of external factor that can influence the Firefly Airline. 3.1General Environment3.1.1 Political Fully Deregulation of the airline since December 2008 all(prenominal)ow the member state to fly across others territory, make fuelling stop as well as pick up the passenger in order to complete their pilgrimage to reach their destination. This deregulation brings the benefit such as enhance the customers choice and increase the aspiration. For most time, the political stability and government end will directly affect the direction and decision of the company. For example, the Malaysian government policy to support and develop the Low Cost Travel sector (Bernama 2006) was impregnable news well for Firefly because Firefly applied the strategies of low cost carrier. Another example is Firefly took over the service rural air service in year 2007 announced by Transport Minister Datuk Seri Chan Kong Choy (The star 2007).Datuk Seri Chan Kong Choy announced that the rural air service was the responsibility of the government and they will pass on to subsidies the cost for the operation of the rural air service to maintain the low-fare structure. Apart from that, On the 24 March 2010, the state government of Perak signed a cut for strategies collaboration with Firefly to promote tourism and foreign investment in their state. The decision of the state government brings good news to Firefly. Though this collaboration, Firefly can enhance their reputation and increase their profit. Ps if too much words, can delete it or add to opportunity.3.1.2 Economic pic Firure1 Traffic Update for Association of Asia peace-loving Airlines (AAPA) Member Airlines Source AAPA (2010). From the figure 1, we can clearly see that the increase 10.7% in the passengers by November 2010 compared with November 2009. The main reason for the increase in passengers is As ia Pacific carrier had successfully in economic downturn. However, carriers need to carefully in the global recovery economic in develop marketplace as well as the threat of high oil footing or government increase the taxes. Due to the global recovery economic, Firefly planed to increase 3 new planes as the demand of travel. However, Firefly will be caution in the fuel cost since it steadily rising.3.1.3 Socio cultural As a lower travel carrier, Firefly position itself at the middle class airline. Hence, we can see that Firefly always focus on four community that are The Holiday Goers community, the Balik Kampung Community, The Indonesia Workers community, and The telephone circuit Community. The Holiday Goers community is convenient to the tourists or Malaysians who like to visit the Langkawi, Phuket, Koh Samui. Firefly provides an attractive price for the tourists to encourage them flight on Firefly. For the Balik Kampung Community and the Indonesia Workers community, there co llect the same purpose. It allow the worker who work on other state or country as well as for those who want visit their relatives at hometown to reach their destination easily at a reasonable price. In addition, Firefly connect with major cities such as Johor Bahru, Penang, Alor Setar and Subang enable the executive travel their business trip convenient.3.1.4 TechnologicalThe aircraft of Firefly is the product that combined with the advanced technology. The aircraft named ATR 72-500 not only fuel efficiency, but also for the stochasticity friendly. It compliant with noise regulations and have a large margin with regard to Chapter IV (ICAO) noise regulations effective 1st January 2006. ATR operate at relatively low altitude, leaving the ozone storey unaffected and barely contributing to pollution of the upper atmosphere such as features of low fuel burn and gaseous emissions. It also supports the Clean suppuration Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol as it is an opportunity to contribu te to the prosperity of developing countries through the transfer of cleaner and greener technologies. Besides this, the 72-seat aircraft will be equipped with the refinement cabin, Light Emitting Diode (LED) as well as the newest technological innovations in passenger comfort, communications and navigation tools.3.2 Industry condition pic The Porters phoebe bird force model is major affected in the airline industry due to the airline industry become the major and important industry in our world. Though the five forces of Porter, we can clearly understand the industry condition. The five forces include rivalry among existing competitors, threat of new entrants, threats of substitution products or services, bargain power of supplier and bargaining power of buyer.3.2.1 Rivalry among existing competitorsRivalry among existing competitors mean that the competition between the existing competitors in an industry. Normally, this type of competition earn a low returns because the cost of competition are quite high. The competitors exist in the airline industry is high. Except the Firefly owned by MAS, there also have Air Asia, Berjaya Air, Layang-Layang Aerospace, Sabah Air and Hornbill Skyways which is a helicopter service that operates in the rural area of Sarawak. In order to boosts its market share, all competitors will try their best to offer different type of services, cut-fare and other benefit to grab the more and more customers from their competitor. This type of competition will provide the overall slow market growth rate.3.2.2 Threat of new entrants Threat of new entrants refers to the threat of new competitors to enter the exits market. If the new entrants can enter the market easily, that means the barriers to entry are low. Whereas if the new entrants difficult to enter the market, the barriers of entry are high. In the airline industry, the market is nearly saturated with the existing airline such as MAS, Air Asia, and Firefly and so on. The new ent rants will face a lot of barriers if they want enter the market. One of the barriers is cost of entry. Airline industry is expensive industry. The cost of technology, buying or leasing aircraft and manpower are high. Another barrier is the brand name of existing market. For the most time, customers will subjection to the brand that they preferred3.2.3 Threat of substitute productA threat of substitute product is stated that the availability of another product that customers can purchases to deputise for existing product. Airline industry considers highly risk in threats of substitute product. Customers would change their choice to another airline company if that company provides the lower price than others. The competitions between the airline industries enable all competitors to come out the better services, promotion and lower price.3.2.4 Bargaining power of suppliersBargaining power of suppliers is the ability to mountain the price. Normally the suppliers are power if there ar e not so many substitute supplier and suppliers more control and concentrated. The main suppliers in the Airline Industry are Boeing and Airbus. Therefore, airline industry isnt any cutthroat competition due to the limited of suppliers. In other words, Airline Company slight opportunity for the bargaining in industry and it can be threats of industry.3.2.5 Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of buyers refer to the ability of the customers to setting the price. In Airline industry, bargaining power of customers are high because the highly competitive.

Historical Context of Images for Your Virtual Art Gallery Tour Essay

Sleep was pied with oil in 5178 cm. canvas in 1937 by Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech, or simply known as Salvador Dali, a famous Spanish surrealist painter and sculptor. He painted Sleep for his British millionaire patron, Edward James. Dali almost incorporated quietus into almost all his works because he was fascinated with the world of dreams. He interpreted the act of sleeping as monster supported by crutches. cosmic Egg (2007) It was the image used in the characterisation titled Sunrise by the Ocean done by Vladimir Kush, a Russian-born surrealist painter and sculptor.The egg depicted the sun and the beginning of life. As the egg broke open, the earth and the sky formed from its two halves. The yolk was the sun which was starting to take its form. Giclee was used in 2124 inches canvas. The Persistence of Memory (1931). It was an oil on 24 x 33 cm canvas painting by Salvador Dali. The three melting pocket watches laid in hard surface illustrated confusion bet ween softness and hardness, typifying Dalis personality. Critics interpreted the painting as Dalis self-portrait because Dali said that the painting was his hand-painted photograph of his dreams.The Division Bell (Cover). The two metal heads depicted in the cover of the 1994 album of Pink Floyd was the handiwork of sculptor John Robertson. These huge figures, severally weighing at 1,500 kilograms and over 3 meters in height, were put in a Cambridge field. Ubu Imperator (1923). This oil on 8165 cm canvas was painted by Marx Ernst. The image, a bizarre combination of the tip of a spinning top, the red huge body and human hands, symbolized authority in a smashed manner.Invasion of the Night (1941) This oil on 3860 ? in. canvas painting by Roberto Matta using diffuse lights, floating rocks and bold lines in plain and vast background indicated Mattas fascination with the inner state of human consciousness. References Clocking In With Salvador Dali Salvador Dalis Melting Watches.Retri eved March 17,2009 from http//www. vladimirkush. com/popup. php? id=159&category=Editions/Available+ control+Edition+Prints Surrealist Art. Retrievede March 17, 2009 from http//www. centrepompidou. fr/education/ressources/ENS-surrealistart-EN/ENS-surrealistart-EN. html Tariff, Alfredo (April 11,2002) Matta Vision. The underrated Chilean gets a new image at MAM. Miami New Times Arts. Retrieved March 17, 2009 from http//www. miaminewtimes. com/2002-04-11/culture/matta-vision/

Discuss the Role of Malaysian Aob

Discuss the role of Malaysian AOB ( analyze Oversight Board) When was the AOB set up? The Audit Oversight Board (AOB) is established under discontinue IIIA of the Securities Commission Act 1993 (SCA) which came into force on 1 April 2010 to promote and develop an effective visit precaution framework and to promote confidence in the tincture and reliability of audited financial statements in Malaysia. The chronology of events of establishing AOB in Malaysia is as follow September to October 2007 Budget 2008 Announcement by YAB PM Government will establish a Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board under the auspices of the SC.Consultations held with industry groups and regulators. January to April 2008 Appropriate audit oversight framework for Malaysia Securities Commission (Amendment) Bill 2009 which contains the makeup and functions of the AOB passed in both Houses of Parliament. December 2009 Securities Commission (Amendment) Bill 2009 which contains the establishment and functions of the AOB passed in both Houses of Parliament. 1 April 2010 Part IIIA Securities Commission (Amendment) Act 2010 came into force. (Establish of Audit Oversight Board) What is it supposed AOB to do?Under Part IIIA of the SCA 1993, AOB is responsible to 5 major functions in order to assist the gage Committee (SC), which listed as below (i)Standard setting AOB has the power to direct the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) to establish, adopt, amend, modify, alter or by any combined ways, the auditing and ethical standards to be applied by entered hearers. It is alike responsible to implement policies and programmes in ensuring an effective audit oversight system in Malaysia. (ii)Registration Auditors of public interest entities (PIEs) must register and recognized by AOB to ensure the auditing process is fit and proper.It is an offence for non-registration. (iii)Sanctions AOB has the power to impose appropriate sanctions against registered auditors who fail to compl y with auditing and ethical standards. (iv)Inspection In accordance with air division 31V(1) of Part IIIA of the SCA, the registered audit firm and auditor will be subject to recapitulations by the AOB to assess the degree of compliance withthe auditing and ethical standards by the auditor and the quality of the audit reports prep argond by the auditor relating to the audited financial statements of the PIEs. v)Inquiry Section 31W of the SCA on the other(a) hand empowers AOB to conduct an inquiry if there is a reason to consider that any auditor has contravened any provisions of Part IIIA of the SCA, any condition imposed under section 31O(4) of the SCA or any written notice or guidelines issued by the SC. Why do we need an AOB? The need of audit oversight board (AOB) is to make sure all audit procedure is follow in all likelihood by the auditor. By doing this it is means that AOB is the one who check the work of audit.In other way it as act audit oversight framework in Malaysia . It is Copernican to have AOB is because by doing so, audit work are more reliable. Besides that, AOB needed to promote confidence in the quality and reliability of audited financial statements in Malaysia. There are many cases which involve the quality of audited reported such as Enron, Parmalat, World Com, Transmile and etc. By having a more freelance society the AOB, which promote more confidence and reliable report. Thus create interest for investor to invest in Malaysia market.What is the AOB achieved so far? Based on the news of AOB on The Edge magazine on 4 October 2012. AOB has formed an official collaboration in audit oversight with the Japan Financial Services Authority and the assured Public Accountants Audit Oversight Board (CPAAOB). This collaboration would facilitate audit regulators to oversee cross border audits towards enhancing the soundness of the securities markets and investor protection in the respective countries, utter by chairman Nik Mohd Hasyudeen Yus offThe SC said the collaboration was the AOBs first arrangement with other regulators outside the Asean region. The official cooperation will allow the audit regulators to bundle information upon request, with respect to foreign audit firms that fall within the respective regulatory jurisdiction. This will, eventually, promote the confidence of overseas users in using the audited reports in Malaysia. What are the findings and consequences of AOB so far? After the establishment of AOB, there are a certain major change in the audit field.All audit firm are require to register their company with AOB in Malaysia. The register of audit firm is need for AOB to continue measuring the audit work of the firm. Based on AOB, every company partner will be measure their work every few year. Audit partner licenses will also be forfeit if implant their work are not in tit he correct procedure. This action, have cause many auditor to do more work or more working paper. By doing so, much cost will be incurred to the audited firm.The reason auditor doing so is to search for more audit evidence and also to avoid being sack as an auditor. On 16 July 2012, there are partner being penalized by AOB after few year of establishment of AOB. The senior partner of a mid-tier accounting firm is the first auditor to be penalized for breaching a condition imposed when he registered with the board. Last Thursday, Alvin Tee Guan Pian of UHY Malaysia was reprimanded for disaster to comply with the relevant requirements of the recognized auditing standards in Malaysia i. . the International Standards on Auditing. ( Enrol Oh, Starbiz, 2012) Audit oversight board is also given the power to penalized a auditor if found misstatement in audit report. By doing so, the auditor report are more reliable to external user due to there is another independent body which is the AOB involve in the Malaysia audit field. In a whole, the establish of AOB had promote more advantage to the audit firm compare to disadvantage. It is similar to what other countries have experienced?Malaysia are not the first country which establish AOB, but Malaysia are the 2nd country in ASEAN country and top tenth is Asian country which establish AOB. This has show that Malaysia auditing practices are following the improvement of international standard. Besides that, also show Malaysia is concern about the change in accounting standard to other country. AOB in other countries which have already establish are similarly same in their function of standard setting, registration, sanctions, inspection and inquiry.

EchoStar Communications

Charles W. Egren founded EchoStar Communications in 1980. The Company and its subsidiaries deliver Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) television products and services to customers worldwide.EchoStar Communications Corporation acquired the license to deliver DBS products in 1987 and is a publicly traded company (NASDAQ DISH). As at April 27, 2007, EchoStar Communications Corporation is trading at $ 46.51 per share.EchoStar provides Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) television products and services (satellite delivered digital television) through its DISH NetworkTM to over 12 million customers in the United States of America.The companys shares are doing very well compared with companies in the same industry like Comcast and Verizon. As at April 27th, 2007, Comcast Corporation (NASDAQ CMCSK) is trading at $26.68 per share while Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE VZ) is selling its shares at $38.15 a piece.Comcast Corporation is a furrow operator in the United States and offers a variety of consumer entertainment and communication products and services.Verizon Communications Inc. is a supplier of communications services. It has two segments, Wireline and Domestic Wireless, which it operates and manages as strategical business line units and organizes by products and services (www.businessweek.com).These companies all have similar products to Dish Network.Comcast Communications is a product line giant and was the number one broadband provider in the country in 2005. Cable operators like Comcast have been leaders in supplying speedy Internet connections to consumers. They offer lower prices and higher speeds, thereby gaining a market of about 22 million U.S. households out of a total of 39 million that have broadband.Verizon (a telecom giant) had to get into the television business because Comcast and the other cable companies were getting a share of the telecom market. In order to boost growth Verizon need it needed to move aggressively into rising markets. Veri zon dropped their prices for broadband to as low as $15 a month and cranking up speeds. The company also started offering speeds 10 times as truehearted as standard cable service.It targeted TV and broadband and offered extra-fast Net connections and TV services. In addition, Verizon started to offer customers the same bundles of voice and video that the cable players do. They had to do this because the cable industry was taking a share in the voice market. This gave birth to Verizon TV, which offers services like allowing customers to watch one show and, at the same time, embark another. Other cable companies did not offer this. Verizon TV also has more channels and more choice of on-demand video than some of its competitors like Dish.Today, with more than 12 million customers, DISH Network offers the lowest all-digital TV price in America.ReferencesRewired And Ready For Combat. (2005). Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http//www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_45/b3958089.htmh ttp//www.echostar.comhttp//www.verizon.comhttp//www.comcast.com